Class 5 Science Chapter: Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tidal Waves Detailed Worksheet

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Time: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

Section A: Fill in the Blanks (10 × 1 = 10 marks)

  1. The molten rock inside the Earth is called __________.
  2. A sudden shaking of the Earth is known as __________.
  3. The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates is called the __________.
  4. Lava that comes out of a volcano is called __________.
  5. A __________ is a giant wave caused by an underwater earthquake.
  6. __________ help scientists detect earthquakes.
  7. Volcanic eruptions can release __________ into the atmosphere.
  8. Tsunamis are caused mainly by __________.
  9. The layer of Earth under the crust is called __________.
  10. The scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes is called __________.

Section B: Multiple Choice Questions (10 × 1 = 10 marks)

  1. Which is a volcanic mountain?
    a) Mount Everest b) Mount Fuji c) K2 d) Himalayas
  2. Which instrument measures earthquakes?
    a) Thermometer b) Seismograph c) Barometer d) Anemometer
  3. Which layer of Earth is liquid and causes volcanoes?
    a) Crust b) Mantle c) Core d) Lithosphere
  4. What is the main gas released during volcanic eruptions?
    a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Helium
  5. What causes most tsunamis?
    a) Storms b) Earthquakes c) Landslides d) Volcano eruptions
  6. The ring of fire is located around which ocean?
    a) Atlantic b) Pacific c) Indian d) Arctic
  7. The strongest earthquakes are usually caused by __________.
    a) Volcanic activity b) Tectonic plate movement c) Wind storms d) Rainfall
  8. Which type of lava is more fluid?
    a) Basaltic b) Andesitic c) Rhyolitic d) Granite
  9. A seismograph records __________.
    a) Wind speed b) Ground motion c) Water level d) Air pressure
  10. Earthquake waves that reach the surface are called __________.
    a) S-waves b) P-waves c) Surface waves d) Tsunami waves

Section C: True or False (8 × 1 = 8 marks)

  1. Lava is molten rock on the surface.
  2. Earthquakes can cause landslides.
  3. All volcanoes erupt violently.
  4. Tsunamis can travel across oceans.
  5. The epicenter is the point on the surface above the focus.
  6. Seismographs are used to measure volcano temperature.
  7. Mantle is solid rock beneath the crust.
  8. Volcanic eruptions can affect climate.

Section D: Match the Following (6 × 1 = 6 marks)

Column AColumn B
1. Focusa) Giant wave
2. Epicenterb) Origin of earthquake inside Earth
3. Lavac) Molten rock on Earth’s surface
4. Magmad) Underground molten rock
5. Tsunamie) Earthquake’s surface point
6. Seismographf) Instrument to detect earthquakes

Section E: One Word Answer (8 × 1 = 8 marks)

  1. Underground molten rock
  2. Giant wave caused by earthquake
  3. Mountain formed by lava
  4. Instrument to detect earthquakes
  5. Scale to measure earthquake magnitude
  6. Point inside Earth where quake starts
  7. Molten rock after eruption
  8. Layer under the crust

Section F: Short Answer Questions (8 × 3 = 24 marks)

  1. Define volcano and give an example.
  2. What is an earthquake? Explain with an example.
  3. Explain the difference between lava and magma.
  4. List three effects of volcanic eruptions.
  5. What precautions should be taken during an earthquake?
  6. How are tsunamis formed?
  7. Explain the importance of seismographs.
  8. Name three famous volcanoes in the world.

Section G: Long Answer Questions (5 × 4 = 20 marks)

  1. Describe the layers of the Earth and their role in earthquakes and volcanoes.
  2. Explain the formation and types of volcanoes with diagram.
  3. Describe the causes and effects of earthquakes.
  4. Explain how tsunamis occur and their impact.
  5. Discuss the safety measures during volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

Section H: Case-Based Questions (3 × 5 = 15 marks)

Case Study 1:
A village near a volcano noticed smoke and tremors.

a) What natural event is occurring?
b) Name the materials that might be released.
c) How can residents protect themselves?
d) Give one long-term effect on the village.

Case Study 2:
An earthquake hits a coastal city, followed by a large wave.

a) Identify the phenomenon.
b) What caused the wave?
c) Suggest two immediate safety measures.
d) Name two historical tsunamis.

Case Study 3:
Scientists recorded unusual underground tremors in a region.

a) Which instrument will detect it?
b) What could be the cause?
c) How can this information help in disaster management?
d) Name one country prone to frequent earthquakes.

Section I: Diagram-Based Questions (2 × 4 = 8 marks)

  1. Draw and label a volcano showing magma chamber, vent, crater, and lava flow.
  2. Draw the layers of the Earth and label crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

ANSWER KEY

Section A: Fill in the Blanks (Detailed)

  1. Magma – molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
  2. Earthquake – sudden shaking of the Earth.
  3. Focus – point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates.
  4. Lava – molten rock that erupts on the Earth’s surface.
  5. Tsunami – giant wave caused mainly by underwater earthquakes.
  6. Seismographs – instruments that detect and record earthquakes.
  7. Gases – volcanoes release gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide.
  8. Underwater earthquakes – main cause of tsunamis.
  9. Mantle – the layer under the crust.
  10. Richter scale – used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

Section B: Multiple Choice Questions

  1. b) Mount Fuji – famous volcanic mountain.
  2. b) Seismograph – instrument to measure earthquakes.
  3. b) Mantle – semi-solid layer responsible for magma movement.
  4. b) Carbon dioxide – major gas released during eruptions.
  5. b) Earthquakes – main cause of tsunamis.
  6. b) Pacific – Ring of Fire surrounds Pacific Ocean.
  7. b) Tectonic plate movement – primary cause of strongest earthquakes.
  8. a) Basaltic – more fluid lava flows easily.
  9. b) Ground motion – seismograph records vibrations.
  10. c) Surface waves – earthquake waves reaching the surface.

Section C: True or False

  1. True – Lava is molten rock on the surface.
  2. True – Earthquakes can trigger landslides.
  3. False – Some volcanoes erupt gently, not all violently.
  4. True – Tsunamis can travel across oceans.
  5. True – Epicenter is the surface point above the focus.
  6. False – Seismographs detect ground motion, not volcano temperature.
  7. True – Mantle is solid rock beneath crust but flows slowly.
  8. True – Volcanic eruptions release gases and ash affecting climate.

Section D: Match the Following

1 – b) Focus – Origin of earthquake inside Earth
2 – e) Epicenter – Earthquake’s surface point
3 – c) Lava – Molten rock on Earth’s surface
4 – d) Magma – Underground molten rock
5 – a) Tsunami – Giant wave
6 – f) Seismograph – Instrument to detect earthquakes

Section E: One Word Answer

  1. Magma
  2. Tsunami
  3. Volcano
  4. Seismograph
  5. Richter scale
  6. Focus
  7. Lava
  8. Mantle

Section F: Short Answer Questions (Detailed)

  1. Volcano: A mountain that releases magma, ash, and gases from beneath the Earth. Example: Mount Fuji.
  2. Earthquake: Sudden shaking of the ground due to movement of tectonic plates. Example: 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
  3. Difference between lava and magma: Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth; lava is magma that has erupted on the surface.
  4. Effects of volcanic eruptions: Lava flow destroys vegetation, ash clouds affect air quality, gases can alter climate.
  5. Earthquake precautions: Drop, cover, hold; stay away from glass/windows; have emergency kit; evacuate if necessary.
  6. Formation of tsunamis: Caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides displacing large volumes of water.
  7. Importance of seismographs: Detects and records earthquake magnitude and time, helps in disaster preparedness.
  8. Famous volcanoes: Mount Fuji (Japan), Mount Vesuvius (Italy), Mount Etna (Italy).

Section G: Long Answer Questions (Detailed)

  1. Layers of the Earth:
    • Crust: Outer solid layer, plates move causing earthquakes.
    • Mantle: Semi-solid layer beneath crust; convection currents cause magma movement.
    • Outer core: Liquid layer affecting magnetic field.
    • Inner core: Solid metal center.
    • Earthquakes and volcanoes occur due to movements and pressure changes in these layers.
  2. Formation and types of volcanoes:
    • Formed when magma rises through cracks in the crust.
    • Types:
      • Shield: Gentle slope, e.g., Mauna Loa.
      • Composite: Steep, explosive eruptions, e.g., Mount Fuji.
      • Cinder cone: Small, steep-sided, e.g., Paricutin.
    • Diagram: Show magma chamber, vent, crater, lava flow.
  3. Causes and effects of earthquakes:
    • Causes: Tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, landslides.
    • Effects: Ground shaking, building collapse, landslides, tsunamis, casualties.
  4. Tsunamis:
    • Caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides displacing water.
    • Travel across oceans at high speeds, destroying coastal areas.
    • Examples: 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, 2011 Japan tsunami.
  5. Safety measures:
    • During volcano: Evacuate, wear masks, avoid lava/ash areas.
    • During earthquake: Drop, cover, hold; stay indoors; follow emergency protocols.
    • Community: Disaster planning, early warning systems.

Section H: Case-Based Questions (Detailed)

Case 1:

  • Event: Volcanic eruption.
  • Materials released: Lava, ash, gases (CO₂, SO₂).
  • Protection: Evacuation, masks, avoid lava flow.
  • Long-term effect: Fertile soil, but destruction of buildings and habitat.

Case 2:

  • Phenomenon: Earthquake followed by tsunami.
  • Cause of wave: Underwater earthquake displacing water.
  • Safety measures: Move to higher ground, follow evacuation routes.
  • Historical tsunamis: 2004 Indian Ocean, 2011 Japan.

Case 3:

  • Instrument: Seismograph.
  • Cause: Underground tectonic movements.
  • Disaster management: Early warning, evacuation planning.
  • Country prone to earthquakes: Japan.

Section I: Diagram-Based Questions

  1. Volcano diagram: Show magma chamber, vent, crater, lava flow.
  2. Earth layers diagram: Label crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.

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